8. Norma Evenson, Le Corbusier: The Machine and the Grand Design (New York: G. Braziller, 1970), 7.
9. Ibid., 9.
10. Stanislaus von Moos, «From the «City for 3 Million Inhabitants» to the «Plan Voisin», in Le Corbusier in Perspective, ed. Peter Serenyi (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1975), 135.
11. Ibid., 125–238.
12. Jean-Louis Cohen, The Future of Architecture, Since 1889 (New York: Phaidon Press, 2012), 89.
13. Mardges Bacon, Le Corbusier in America: Travels in the Land of the Timid (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), 155.
14. Cohen, Future of Architecture, 178–179.
15. Evenson, Le Corbusier, 10.
16. Robert Fishman, Urban Utopias in the 20th Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977), 14.
17. Evenson, Le Corbusier, 32.
18. Ibid., 13.
19. Reyner Banham, A Concrete Atlantis: U.S. Industrial Building and European Modern Architecture, 1900–1925 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986), 227.
20. Le Corbusier, The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning, 167.
21. Ibid. 179.
22. Birksted, Le Corbusier and the Occult, 304.
23. Jencks, Le Corbusier and the Tragic View of Architecture, 64.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Le Corbusier, City of Tomorrow and Its Planning, 96.
28. Le Corbusier, The Radiant City (New York: the Orion Press, 1967), 148–152.
29. Ibid.
30. Birksted, Le Corbusier and the Occult, 19, 21, 24–25; Cohen, Future of Architecture, 48, 57, 127.
31. Inaki Abalos and Juan Herreros, Tower and Office: From Modernist Theory to Contemporary Practice (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003), 16–19.
32. Jencks, Le Corbusier and the Tragic View, 120.
33. Bacon, Le Corbusier in America, 3.
34. Le Corbusier, The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning, 76.
35. Le Corbusier, City of Tomorrow, 45, 76.
36. Evenson, Le Corbusier, 29.
37. Ibid.
38. Bacon, Le Corbusier in America, 26.
39. Ibid., 159.
40. Fogelson, Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880–1950, 325.
41. Ibid., 345.
42. Ibid., 340.
43. Samuel Zipp, Manhattan Projects: The Rise and Fall of Urban Renewal in Cold War New York (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 15.
44. To New Horizons (General Motors film, 1940), 19:30.
45. Fogelson, Downtown, 348.
46. Ibid., 350.
47. John R. Short, Alabaster Cities: Urban U.S. Since 1950 (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2006), 79–80.
48. Zipp, Manhattan Projects, 112.
49. Ibid, 78.
50. Ibid., 101.
51. Short, Alabaster Cities, 20.
52. Fogelson, Downtown, 271.
53. Ibid., 278.
54. Ibid., 278.
55. Hilary Ballon and Kenneth T. Jackson, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 124–125.
56. Ibid., 124.
57. Ibid., 97.
58. Robert Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Knopf, 1974), 849.
59. Ballon and Jackson, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City, 97.
60. Ibid., 102.
61. Ibid., 47–49.
62. Ibid., 108.
63. Short, Alabaster Cities, 21–22.
64. Marshall Berman, «Falling», in Beaumont and Dary, Restless Cities, 128.
Глава 4: Усадьбы
1. Patrick J. Meehan, ed., Truth Against the World: Frank Lloyd Wright Speaks for an Organic Architecture (Washington, DC: Preservation Press, 1992), 343.
2. Ibid.
3. Aged 67 in 1935, he was best known: Fishman, Urban Utopias in the 20th Century, 94.
4. Meehan, Truth Against the World, 345.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Myron A. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright: Taliesin and Beyond (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2009), 159.
8. Meehan, Truth Against the World, 345.
9. Fishman, Urban Utopias, 129.
10. Ibid., 110.
11. Frank Lloyd Wright, «Broadacre City: A New Community Plan» (1935), in Frank Lloyd Wright: Essential Texts, ed. Robert Twombly (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 261.
12. Alvin Rosenbaum, Usonia: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Design for America (Washington, DC: Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1993), 87.
13. Meehan, Truth Against the World, 345.
14. Wright, Broadacre City, 260.
15. Meehan, Truth Against the World, 345.
16. Wright, Broadacre City, 262.
17. Ibid., 260–261.
18. Hall, Cities of Tomorrow, 89.
19. Fishman, Urban Utopias, 135.
20. Ibid., 123.
21. Twombly, Frank Lloyd Wright: Essential Texts (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 259.
22. Frank Lloyd Wright, Autobiography, When Democracy Builds (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1943).
23. Ibid., 40–41.
24. Ibid.
25. «The greatest architect of the 19th century»: Rosenbaum, Usonia, 75.
26. with whom she had two children: Ibid., 39.
27. Donald Leslie Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America: the 1930s (Cam bridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990), 6.
28. Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer and Gerald Nordland, eds., Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988), 166.
29. Fishman, Urban Utopias, 118—19.
30. Ibid., 119.
31. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 9.
32. Ibid.
33. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 55.
34. Pfeiffer and Nordland, Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas, 109.
35. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 158–159.
36. Pfeiffer and Nordland, Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas, 51.
37. Meryle Secrest, Frank Lloyd Wright: A Biography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 156.
38. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 61, 63, 64.
39. Ibid., 177.
40. Ibid., 141, 147.
41. «Plan by Frank Lloyd Wright», in City Residential Development: Studies in Planning (University of Chicago Press, May 1916). Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 167.
42. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright., 166.
43. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 129.
44. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 65.
45. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 110.
46. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 161–162.
47. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 112.
48. Ibid., 115.
49. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 159.
50. Ibid, 163.
51. Pfeiffer and Nordland, Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas, 150.
52. Ibid., 89.
53. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 26–27.
54. Ibid., 99.
55. Ibid, 71, 73.
56. Ibid., 48.
57. Hall, Cities of Tomorrow, 275.
58. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 134.
59. Joseph Oldenburg, «Ford Homes Historic District History», http://www.fordhomes.org/fhhd_history.pdf.
60. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 55–57.
61. Johnson, Frank Lloyd Wright Versus America, 137.
62. Ibid.
63. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 92.
64. Ibid., 124.
65. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 165.
66. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 143.
67. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 143.
68. Marty, Communities of Frank Lloyd Wright, 165.
69. Fishman, Urban Utopias, 95.
70. (Stephen Alexander) Rosenbaum, Usonia, 120.
71. Pfeiffer and Nordland, Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas, 159–160.
72. Rosenbaum, Usonia, 133.
73. Ibid., 180.
74. Ibid., 183.
75. Richard Longstreth, The Drive-in, the Supermarket, and the Transformation of Commercial Space in Los Angeles, 1914–1941 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999), 134.
76. Greg Hise, Magnetic Los Angeles: Planning the Twentieth Century Metropolis (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 129.
77. «The Economic Development of Southern California, 1920–1976», in The Aerospace Industry as the Primary Factor in the Industrial Development of Southern California: The Instability of the Aerospace Industry, and the Effects of the Region’s Dependence on It, vol. 1 (Los Angeles: City of Los Angeles, Office of the Mayor: June 1976), 5–6.
78. Becky Nicolaides, «Where the Working Man is Welcomed»: Working-Class
Suburbs in Los Angeles, 1900–1940», in Looking for Los Angeles: Architecture, Film, Photography, and the Urban Landscape, ed. Charles Salas and Michael Roth (Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2001), 76, 77.
79. Ibid., 78.
80. Hise, Magnetic Los Angeles, 129.
81. Ibid., 119, 134.
82. D. J. Waldie, Holy Land: A Suburban Memoir (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), 25, 45.
83. Hise, Magnetic Los Angeles, 121, 137–140, 142–147.
84. Ibid., 132, 190.
85. Mike Davis, City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles (New York: Vintage Books, 1992), 161.
86. James R. Wilburn, «Social and Economic Aspects of the Aircraft Industry in Metropolitan Los Angeles During World War
