American journal of Psychiatry 136, no. 9 (September 1979): 1194-96.

47. Gisela Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg, 'Pederasty among Primitives: Institutionalized Initiation and Cultic Prostitution,' in Male Intergenerational Intimacy, ed. Theo Sandfort, Edward Brongersma, and Alex van Naerssen (New York: Hawthorn Press, 1991), 13-30; William H. Davenport, 'Adult-Child Sexual Relations in Cross-Cultural Perspective,' in The Sexual Abuse of Children: Theory and Research, vol. 1, ed. William O'Donohue and James H. Geer (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Ehrlbaum Associates, 1992), 73-80.

48. Susan Brownmiller, Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975). In 2001, the conviction by a United Nations war-crimes tribunal of three Bosnian Serbs for the rapes of captive Muslim women and girls marked the first time in history that 'sexual slavery' has been designated a crime against humanity, deemed one of the most heinous crimes. Marlise Simons, '3 Serbs Convicted in Wartime Rapes,' New York Times, February 23, 2001.

4. Crimes of Passion

1. Although these events received considerable press attention at the time they occurred, the people involved have returned to private life. Therefore, the names of the members of the two families and their personal acquaintances have been changed, along with their cities and state of residence. The following names are fictitious: Dylan Healy; Heather, Robert, Pauline, and Jason Kowalski; Laura and Tom Barton; June Smith; Jennifer Bordeaux; and Patrick. Of public figures, only the names of 'Dylan Healy's' lawyer and the sentencing judge have been deleted. Press and court sources are in the author's possession, but notes corresponding to these sources have been omitted to prevent identification of the subjects.

2. Bob Trebilcock, 'Child Molesters on the Internet: Are They in Your Home?' Redbook, April 1997.

3. Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo (London: Ark Paperbacks, 1984), 96.

4. Brownmiller, Against Our Will, 29.

5. Historically U.S. law has denied the right of certain people, such as slaves and married women, to say no, and others, such as the mentally disabled, to say yes to sex, marriage, or procreation. But our ideas of what sorts of people can't say yes or no to sex often compound each other. So a teenager who got pregnant in the 1920s, for instance, was often also dubbed feeble-minded, and a disproportionate number of the adolescents forcibly sterilized under eugenic policies were also black. Kristie Lindenmeyer, 'Making Adolescence,' paper presented at the International Conference on the History of Childhood, Ottawa, 1997.

6. Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County, 450 U.S. 464 (1981).

7. The volume of publicity and punishment given Mary Kay Letourneau, thirty-five, for her relationship with a thirteen-year-old student, whose baby she bore, is an indication of the rarity of such relationships and of statutory rape prosecutions in which the adult is female and the minor male. Letourneau lost her job and her children and went to jail. But the boy insisted he still loved her and was adamant that he was not a victim. 'It hurts me, it makes me more angry when people give me their pity, because I don't need it,' he told the local television station. 'I'm fine.' The two saw each other illicitly while she was on a leave from prison, and she became pregnant again. 'Boy Says He and Teacher Planned Her Pregnancy,' Seattle Post-Intelligencer, August 22, 1997, C1; 'Schoolteacher Jailed for Rape Gives Birth to Another Child,' New York Times, October 18, 1998.

8. While there are no hard facts about the sexual orientation of perpetrator or victim, anecdotal evidence suggests that these laws are being used more aggressively to prosecute consensual sex between men and teenage boys, taking over the role of antisodomy statutes, which by 1998 had been repealed in thirty states. Legislation prohibiting sex with minors, moreover, is often written more harshly against gay sex than straight. For instance, a 1996 California law compelling chemical or surgical castration for the second offense of engaging in sex with anyone under thirteen most severely penalizes the two acts commonly associated with homosexuality—anal intercourse and oral sex—but fails to mention heterosexual vaginal intercourse with girls. The prohibition against homosexual marriage affects gay teenage boys and girls as well, since youngsters can marry in most states at an earlier age than they are legally allowed to have unmarried sex. Bill Andriette, 'Life Sentences,' NAMBLA Bulletin, June 1994, 94-95; Carey Goldberg, 'Rhode Island Moves to End Sodomy Ban,' New York Times, May 10, 1998, 12; 'RE: Sexual Relations with Minor,' memo from Silverstein Langer Newburgh and Brady to Lambda Legal Defense Fund, February 4, 1998; Bill Andriette, 'Barbarism California Style,' Guide, October 1996, 9-10.

9. Kristin Anderson Moore, Anne K. Driscoll, and Laura Duberstein Lindberg, A Statistical Portrait of Adolescent Sex, Contraception, and Childbearing, pamphlet (Washington, D.C.: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 1998), 11, 13.

10. The characterizations of Dylan's condition come from his lawyer, Laura Barton, and Dylan himself.

11. Sharon G. Elstein and Noy Davis, 'Sexual Relations between Adult Males and Young Teen Girls: Exploring the Legal and Social Responses,' American Bar Association report, Washington, D.C., 1997, 26.

12. Elstein and Davis, 'Sexual Relations between Adult Males and Young Teen Girls,' 5.

13. Elstein and Davis, 'Sexual Relations between Adult Males and Young Teen Girls,' 26.

14. Lynn M. Phillips, 'Recasting Consent: Agency and Victimization in Adult-Teen Relationships,' in New Versions of Victims: Feminists Struggle with the Concept, ed. Sharon Lamb (New York: New York University Press, 1999), 93. A local Planned Parenthood chapter funded the study.

15. Mike A. Males, Scapegoat Generation: America's War on Adolescents (Monroe, Me.: Common Courage Press, 1996), 45-76.

16. Patricia Donovan, 'Can Statutory Rape Laws Be Effective in Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy?' Family Planning Perspectives (January/February 1997).

17. Elizabeth Gleick, 'Putting the Jail in Jailbait,' Time, January 29, 1996, 33.

18. Mireya Navarro, 'Teen-Age Mothers Viewed as Abused Prey of Older Men,' New York Times, May 19, 1996.

19. Phillips, 'Recasting Consent,' 84.

20. Donovan, 'Can Statutory Rape Laws Be Effective?' See also: 'Issues in Brief: and the Welfare Reform, Marriage, and Sexual Behavior,' Alan Guttmacher Institute report, 2000; Kristin Luker, Dubious Conceptions: The Politics of Teenage Pregnancy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996).

21. Although teen pregnancy rates have declined to their lowest levels since the 1970s, experts attribute the change not to any crackdown on adult-teen sex but to increased contraception use, particularly condoms and long- lasting implants, by teenage women. Ayesha Rook, 'Teen Pregnancy Down to 1970s Levels,' Youth Today, November 1998, 7. Mike Males, original discoverer of the connection between adult-teen sex and teen pregnancy, has reviewed California's records and expressed regrets to me that the data have been used so punitively. He also admits that any implication of a direct causal relationship might have been ill-advised on his part. Interviews 1998 and 1999.

22. Elstein and Davis, 'Sexual Relations between Adult Males and Young Teen Girls,' 11.

23. Matt Lait, 'Orange County Teen Wedding Policy Raises Stir,' Los Angeles Times, Orange County Edition, September 2, 1996, A1. Public-health researcher Laura Lindberg found that such liaisons are not as unstable as some may think. When she checked in with fifteen- to seventeen-year-old mothers with older partners thirty months after their babies' births, she found the couples were still close and still together. Laura Duberstein Lindberg et al., 'Age Differences between Minors Who Give Birth and Their Adult Partners,' Family Planning Perspectives 20 (March/April 1997): 20.

24. Brandon Bailey, 'Teen Moms Question Governor's Proposal,' San Jose Mercury News, January 14, 1996, 1B.

25. James Brooke, 'An Old Law Chastises Pregnant Teen-Agers,' New York Times, October 28, 1996, A10.

26. Mary E. Odem, Delinquent Daughters: Protecting and Policing Adolescent Female Sexuality in the United States, 1885-1920 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 5.

27. Like today, boys were afforded much greater license to play as they wished, especially if they were employed (though they also had to deliver their wages to the family cookie jar). Also like today, when a family did