20. Marina Warner, 'Little Angels, Little Monsters,' in her Six Myths of Our Time (New York: Vintage Books, 1994).

21. James R. Kincaid, Child-Loving: The Erotic Child and Victorian Culture (New York: Routledge, 1992).

22. Philip J. Greven, 'Family Structure in Seventeenth-Century Andover, Massachusetts,' William and Mary Quarterly, 3d series, 23 (1966): 234-56. In any period 'the most sensitive register of maturity is the age at marriage,' wrote Greven. It could be argued that this is no longer true. However, the legal age of marriage may be read as a register of ideologies that define immaturity. In America, though that age has ranged from as young as twelve, it was not until the late Progressive Era that policymakers perceived a 'child marriage problem,' and the legal marriage age crept into the midteens in a number of states. Kristie Lindenmeyer, 'Adolescent Pregnancy in the 20th Century U.S.,' paper delivered at the Carleton Conference on the History of the Family, Ottawa, May 15, 1997.

23. Deborah Gray White, Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1985), 106.

24. John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman, Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 12-14, 43.

25. G. Stanley Hall, Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education (New York: D. Appleton, 1904).

26. Kincaid, Child Loving, 126-27.

27. Warner, 'Little Angels, Little Monsters,' 55-56.

28. Susheela Singh and Jacqueline E. Darroch, 'Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing: Levels and Trends in Developed Countries,' Alan Guttmacher Institute report, February 2000.

29. A summary of many studies found an average prevalence for non-sexual dating violence of 22 percent among high school students and 32 percent among college students. D. B. Sugarman and G. T. Hotaling, 'Dating Violence: Prevalence, Context, and Risk Markers,' in M. A. Pirog-Good and J. E. Stets, eds., Violence in Dating Relationships (New York: Praeger, 1989), 3-32. One study showed that teenage girls were almost three times more likely to suffer a beating at the hands of a date than were teenage males. M. O'Keefe and C. Treister, 'Victims of Dating Violence among High School Students,' Violence against Women 4 (1998): 193-228.

30. SIECUS, SHOP (School Health Opportunities and Progress) Talk Bulletin 4, no. 1 (March 19, 1999).

31. Bill Alexander, 'Adolescent HIV Rates Soar; Government Piddles,' Youth Today (March/April 1997): 29.

32. They were down 44 percent in the first six months of 1997 compared with 1996. Lawrence K. Altman, 'AIDS Deaths Drop 48% in New York,' New York Times, February 3, 1998, A1.

33. These people probably contracted HIV in their teens. Philip J. Hilts, 'AIDS Deaths Continue to Rise in 25- 44 Age Group, U.S. Says,' New York Times, January 16, 1996, A22.

34. Annie E. Casey Foundation Annual Report 1997 (Baltimore: Annie E. Casey Foundation, 1997).

35. 'Facts about Adolescents and HIV/AIDS,' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report, Atlanta, Ga., March 1998.

36. Lawrence K. Altman, 'Study in 6 Cities Finds HIV in 30% of Young Black Gays,' New York Times, February 6, 2001.

1. Censorship

1. People for the American Way, Attacks on the Freedom to Learn (Washington, D.C.: People for the American Way, 1996).

2. Marc Silver, with Katherine T. Beddingfield and Kenan Pollack, 'Sex, Violence and the Tube,' U.S. News and World Report (September 1993): 76-79.

3. Susan N. Wilson, 'Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Word?' Censorship News, National Coalition Against Censorship (winter 1996): 5.

4. Jane D Brown, 'Sexuality and the Mass Media: An Overview,' SIECUS Reports 24, no. 10 (April/May 1996): 3-5.

5. I borrow this term from Agnes Repellier, 'The Repeal of Reticence,' Atlantic, March 1914, 207-304.

6. The term hypermediated was coined by Henry Jenkins, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

7. Quoted in Judith H. Dobrzynski, 'A Popular Couple Charged into the Future of Art, but in Opposite Directions,' New York Times, September 2, 1997.

8. 'Child's Eye View,' New York Times, December 31, 1997.

9. Sherry Turkle, Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 26.

10. Roy Porter, 'Forbidden Pleasures: Enlightenment Literature of Sexual Advice,' in Solitary Pleasures: The Historical, Literary, and Artistic Discourses of Autoeroticism, ed. Paula Bennett and Vernon A. Rosario II (New York: Routledge, 1995), 81.

11. New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Fifteenth Annual Report, Case 39,591 (New York: the society, 1890), 15-16.

12. Repellier, 'The Repeal of Reticence.'

13. Ira S. Wile, 'The Sexual Problems of Adolescents,' Journal of Social Hygiene 20, no. 9 (December 1934): 439-40.

14. Bernard Weintraub, 'Fun for the Whole Family,' New York Times, July 22, 1997.

15. Samuel S. Janus and Barbara E. Bess, 'Latency: Fact or Fiction?' American Journal of Psychoanalysis 36, no. 4 (1976): 345-46.

16. Right-wing fundamentalist Christians are today's firmest articulators of the view from Genesis, that philandering with worldly experience can lead to no good. One of their conspiracy narratives dates the fall of American civilization to the takeover of Harvard University by Unitarians, the country's preeminent educational institution hijacked by its preeminent doubters. Conservative opposition to sex education, similarly, is always connected with opposition to other forms of moral questioning and intellectual exploration at school, from values clarification to creative spelling.

17. See Roger Shattuck's Forbidden Knowledge: From Prometheus to Pornography (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996) for an interesting exploration of this conflict.

18. Nicole Wise, 'A Curious Time,' Parenting, March 1994, 110.

19. Janice Irvine, 'Cultural Differences and Adolescent Sexualities,' in Sexual Cultures and the Construction of Adolescent Identities, ed. Janice Irvine (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994), 21.

20. Interview with Leonore Tiefer, May 1996.

21. This is still true in many non-Western cultures and Western ethnic subcultures, which is why HIV/AIDS workers have coined the term 'men who have sex with men,' or MSM, to reach people who don't identify as gay but may still engage in so-called gay sex.

22. Anne C. Bernstein, Flight of the Stork: What Children Think (and When) about Sex and Family Building, rev. ed. (Indianapolis: Perspectives Press, 1994), 31.

23. Elizabeth Kolbert, 'Americans Despair of Popular Culture,' New York Times, August 20, 1995, 23.

24. Marjorie Heins, INDECENCY: The Great American Debate over Sex, Children, Free Speech, and Dirty Words, Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Monograph Paper #7, 1997, 4.

25. While the courts have often balked at censorship of books and films, because presumably a child could be kept from seeing them, they have upheld 'safe-harbor' restrictions in numerous cases involving radio and television broadcasting. A landmark decision came in 1978, when the New York listener-supported Pacifica radio station WBAI aired the comedian George Carlin's baroque exegesis of the 'Seven Filthy Words' that the Federal Communications